Electronics Electrical

 What is an ECG?                 ECG is an abbreviation for electrocardiography.  A heart's electrical activity can be known by the ECG test. A set of electrodes are used to capture the biopotentials and convert them into electrical signals. The ECG is basically a 2D plot of time v/s voltage.                                  The measured ECG signal that is the output voltage of the set of electrodes is in the range of 1mv to 5mv approx. This needs to be amplified using a high gain amplifier. The ECG signal also contains noises.  There are mainly 3 types of noise.  1. 50Hz noise due to the powerline. 2. High-frequency noise (Electromyogram -EMG noise). 3. Additive white gaussian noise. 4. Low-frequency noise (Baseline wandering). Noisy ECG signal with baseline wandering 1. Amplifier circuit design:             ...

INCREASING TRANSFORMER CAPACITY When electric power is supplied to a locality, city or an area, transformers that are capable of handling the required power demand ,are installed. These power transformers are rated in MVAs or KVAs . The capacity for a given transformer, refers to how much electrical load can be put on this transformer . Say for a 230 / 12 volts transformer having 60 VA capacity ( Single phase) ,the maximum load can be 5 Amps on 12 V side. If the load is exceeded, the transformer will get overheated and may burn. Based upon the load requirement, appropriate transformer size is chosen for supplying electricity to a region. E.g.: A transformer rated 20 MVA can satisfy the electricity demand of an area with a load requirement of 20*0.8=16 MWatt. Where 0.8, is assumed to be the power factor. (Apparent power*power factor=Real power) Similarly, if XYZ society has a power demand of 30 MWatt, then a power transformer of capacity 3...